Quinine

(Cinchona officinalis)

Family: RUBIACEAE
Genre: Cinchona
Species: officinalis, ledgeriana, succirubra, calisaya
Synonyms: Quinaquina officinalis, Quinaquina lancifolia, Quinaquina coccinea
Common names: Quinine bark, quina, quinine, kinakina, China bark, cinchona bark, yellow cinchona, red cinchona, Peruvian bark, Jesuit's bark, quina-quina, calisaya bark, fever tree
Phyto elements: castor, caffeic acid, cinchofulvic acid, cincholic acid, cinchonain, cinchonidine, cinchonine, cinchophyllamine, cinchotannic acid, cinchotine, conquinamine, cuscamidine, cuscamine, cusconidine, cusconine, epicatechin, javanine, paricine, proanthocyanidins, quinacimine, quinamine, quinic acid, quinicine, quinine, quininidine, quinovic acid, quinovin, sucirubine.
Parts used: bark, wood

PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS

Main actions:

* Cure malaria
* Kills parasites
* Reduces fever
* Regulates the heartbeat
* Stimulates digestion
* Kills germs
* Reduces spasms
* Kills insects

Other actions:

* Relieves pain
* Kills bacteria
* Kills fungi
* Dries secretions
* Calms nerves

Standard dosage
Bark
Decoction: from ½ to 1 cup 3 times a day
Capsule: 2g twice daily
Tincture: 1-2 ml twice daily


The genus Cinchona boasts about 40 species of trees. All species are native of the eastern sides of Amazon: the Andes. Currently, manietra widely cultivated in many tropical areas because of their commercial value.

In 1820 two scianziati, Pelletier and Caventou, isolated an alkaloid in the bark that was responsible for increased anti-malarial effect of the tree and called quinine. Once discovered, the methods were developed that enable estrarrre phyto only this element from the cortex in order to sell it as anti-malaria drug.

The effects on the heart of the cortex were noted at the end of the medicine of the 17th century. Quinine was used sporadically in the first half of the 18th century to heart disease and arrhythmia, doventando a standard therapy in the second half of the 19th century. Another alkaloid called quinidine was found to be responsible for this beneficial action on cardiac siestma. Quinidine, a compound produced from quinine, is still used in cardiology and sold as a medicine for arrhythmia.

Recently, quinine was used in medicines to treat muscle spasms and cramps in the legs. In 1998, a study has documented the beneficial effects of quinine for leg cramps and reported the tinnitus as the only side effect.

The Cinchona, or its bark, is one of the most popular plants of the rainforest. According to one legend, the name derives from cinchona Chinchon Countess of, wife of the Viceroy of Peru, who, in 1638, was curated by a type of malarial fever with the bark of the tree. It is assumed that the plant was introduced into European medicine in 1640 by his countess, even before botanists had identified and named this species of tree. The bark of it was for the first time offered for sale in England in 1658 and introduced into
British Pharmacopoeia in 1677. The doctors gave confidence to the drug and its efficacy against malaria was officially recognized when the tree species still had sconociuta. From the mid 600 to mid 800 the bark was used as primary treatment for malaria. Was also used for fever, indigestion, disorders of the mouth and throat cancer.

The natural bark is still used in herbal medicine systems around the world.


Brazil, for anemia, anorexia, weakness, lazy digestion, dyspepsia, fatigue, fever, gastrointestinal disorders, indigestion, malaria
Europe: for alcoholism, anemia, antimalarial, stimulating appetite, cramps, weakness, diarrhea, enlarged spleen, fever, flatulence, gallbladder disorders, hair loss, irregular heartbeat, leg cramps, liver disorders, malaria, muscle aches, protozoal infections, and as an antiseptic
Mexico: malaria and as an antiseptic, astringent and tonic
U.S.
for bacterial infections, colds, digestive disorders, dyspepsia, fever, flu, headaches, palpitations, hemorrhoids, leg cramps, malaria, pain, varicose veins, viral infections and as appetite stimulant, astringent and cardiotonico
Venezuela: from cancer and malaria
Elsewhere: for amoebae infections, bacterial infections, carded, colds, contraceptive, cough, dandruff, diarrhea, lazy digestion, dysentery, dyspepsia, fever, flu, glandular disorders, excessive alcohol, hemorrhoids, lumbago, malaria, neuralgia, pain, ossiuri , pneumonia, sciatica, septic infections, sore throat, stomatitis, cancer (glands), typhoid, varicose veins, and as an insecticide, insect repellant, stimulant and tonic uterine



QUININE

Primary method of preparation: decoction

Key actions (in order):
anti-malarial, bitter digestive aid, antiparasitic, anti-spasmodic, febrifugal (reduces fever)

Main uses:

1. for malaria
2nd as a digestive bitter to stimulate the gastric juices
3rd for nocturnal leg cramps
4th for intestinal parasites and protozoa
5th for arrhythmia and other heart problems

Properties / actions documented by research:
artitmico anti-, anti-malarial pesticide, anti-protože, anti-spasmodic, digestive bitter, cardiotonico (tones, balances, strengthens the heart)

Other properties / actions documented by traditional
amebicida, analgesic (anti-pain), antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, astringent, digestive stimulant, febrifugal (reduces fever), insecticide, nerve (balances / calms nerves), neurasthenia (reduces nerve pain)

Traditional preparation:

* Decoction: ½ cup of decoction of bark 1-3 times per day
* Dyeing: 1-2ml of a 4:1 tincture twice daily
* Tablets / capsules: 2g per day of bark powder


Contraindications:
Quinine bark contains naturally alkaloids that are sold as drugs and with documented side effects. Do not exceed recommended doses unless on medical advice

Interaction with drugs:
Could enhance the medication for blood liquifying like Coumarin

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